decades-1960's

The 1960's- DECADE OF PEACE AND LOVE (MAKE LOVE, NOT WAR)

We Led the Revolution

60' Eisonhower, Cassius Clay, Vietcong, Shirley Chisholm
Indochina, Elvis is back , Martin Lurther King

'61 JFK, Bob Dylan, Peace Corps, Project Mercury
NVA fights ARVN all in Vietnam

'62 Rosenbergs, H-bomb, Wilt Chamberlain, Jackie Kennedy
Trade Embargo, "My Bonnie" and "The Femine Mystique"

'63 George Wallace, Gideon v. Wainwright, TaB Cola,
Bombingham, Letter from Birmingham

CHORUS

We didn't start the fire
It was always burning
Since the world's been turning
We didn't start the fire
No we didn't light it
But we tried to fight it

'64 "War on Poverty," Hello, Dolly!, poll tax, "Turn an Shout"
Civil Rights Act, Race Riots, Gulf of Tonkin

'65 Great Society, Montgomery to Alabama, Malcolm X is shot,
Marines arrive in Vietnam, SDS,

'66 Bobby Hull, Gemini 8, artificial hearts,
John Meredith shot, Freedom of Information Act

'67 "R-E-S-P-E-C-T," Pink Floyd, Justice Marshall,
McNamara resigns, but "All You Need Is Love"

CHORUS

We didn't start the fire
It was always burning
Since the world's been turning
We didn't start the fire
No we didn't light it
But we tried to fight it

'68 Tet Offensive, Franky Lyman dead, MlK killed,
Columbia University protests

'69 Nixon, Mainer 6, gay rights, Chicago 8
Vietnamization

TIMELINE:

• 1960 - U-2 incident
• 1960 - Greensboro sit-in
• 1960 - Civil Rights Act of 1960
• 1960 - National Front for the Liberation of Vietnam formed
• 1961 - John F. Kennedy becomes President
• 1961 - 23rd Amendment
• 1961 - Peace Corps
• 1961 - Alliance for Progress
• 1961 - Bay of Pigs Invasion
• 1961 - Trade embargo on Cuba
• 1961 - Berlin Crisis
• 1961 - Diem assassinated
• 1961 - Vietnam War officially begins with 900 military advisors landing in Saigon
• 1961 - OPEC formed
• 1962 - Trade Expansion Act
• 1962 - Cuban Missile Crisis
• 1962 - Students for a Democratic Society formed
• 1963 - John F. Kennedy assassinated
• 1963 - Lyndon Johnson becomes President
• 1963 - Atomic Test Ban Treaty
• 1963 - March on Washington; Martin Luther King, Jr. "I have a dream" speech
• 1963 - The Feminine Mystique published
• 1964 - Tonkin Gulf incident; Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
• 1964 - 24th Amendment
• 1964 - Great Society proposed
• 1964 - Economic Opportunity Act
• 1964 - Civil Rights Act of 1964
• 1964 - Full Employment Act
• 1964 - Canal Zone riots
• 1965 - Immigration Act of 1965
• 1965 - Voting Rights Act
• 1965 - Medicaid and Medicare enacted
• 1965 - Higher Education Act - Federal Scholarships
• 1965 - Watts Riot; Detroit race riot; "long hot summer"
• 1966 - Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) established
• 1966 - Department of Transportation created
• 1966 - National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act
• 1966 - Miranda v. Arizona establishes "Miranda rights"
• 1966 - Feminist group National Organization for Women (NOW) formed
• 1967 - 25th Amendment
• 1967 - American Samoa becomes self-governing under new constitution
• 1968 - Martin Luther King Jr. assassinated
• 1968 - Presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy assassinated
• 1968 - The National Front for the Liberation of Vietnam launches the Tet Offensive
• 1968 - Civil Rights Act of 1968
• 1968 - U.S. signs Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
• 1969 - Richard Nixon becomes President
• 1969 - "Vietnamization" begins
• 1969 - Neil Armstrong walks on the moon, Earth's only natural satellite
• 1969 - Warren E. Burger appointed Chief Justice of the United States to replace Earl Warren
• 1969 - U.S. bombs North Vietnamese positions in Cambodia and Laos

Foreign Involvement/Policy

• 1950- The U.S. first got involved economically and diplomatically, when Truman signed the legislation that allowed for fifteen million dollars of military aid to the French in the Indochina War.
• 1955- Political involvement began when the U.S. helped to elect Diem to the chief of state for Vietnam over Bao Dai.
• 1960- U-2 incident: American "U2" spy plane shot down over the USSR.
• 1961- military involvement started when JFK sent in his "advisors" (the green beret).
• 1961- Bay of Pigs Invasion, America invades Cuba, tries to overthrow Castro=> Failure. Americans underestimate loyalty and nationalism.
• 1961- Berlin Wall Built
• 1962- Cuban Missile Crisis
• 1964-Tonkin Gulf Resolution, which allowed the president to take any measure he deemed necessary to protect American interests in that area. However, this was the closest the United States ever came to officially declaring war on Vietnam.
• 1965- U.S. Sends Troops to Vietnam
• 1968- Tet Offensive, here the North Vietnamese nearly captured the American embassy in Siagon, South Vietnam.
• 1969 - U.S. bombs North Vietnamese positions in Cambodia and Laos

Domestic Culture

• Counterculture
  • The Civil Rights Movement
    • 1960 - Greensboro sit-in
    • 1960 - Civil Rights Act of 1960
    • 1964 - Civil Rights Act of 1964, the first Civil Rights bill was passed to stop racial discrimination.
    • 1963 - March on Washington; Martin Luther King, Jr. "I have a dream" speech
    • 1968 - Civil Rights Act of 1968
    • 1968- Shirley Chisholm was elected America's first black woman to Congress.
  • The Hippie Movement
    • 1961-Peace Corps Founded
  • 
    
  • Yippie movement- political party, radical leftists
    • established in 1966
    • Abbie Hoffman, Anita Hoffman, Jerry Rubin, Nancy Kurshan, and Paul Krassner were founders of the Yippies
  • Feminism
    • 1963 - The Feminine Mystique published
    • 1966 - Feminist group National Organization for Women (NOW) formed
  • Environmental Movement
    • 1962- Rachel Carson, warned that our earth would die of pollution and chemicals with her book, Silent Spring. (Especially chemicals that were developed to kill bad insects including DDT which killed bad insects, along with good insects, along with plants, along with animals).
  • Student Movement
    • Students for Democratic Society (SDS)
    • 1965- Los Angeles Riots
    • Port Huron Statement ( spearheaded by SDS ) => led to many protests on college campuses
• Music
  • 1969- Woodstock, three days of peace and music
  • Bands
    • 1964- The Beatles become popular in U.S.
    • 
    • Pink Floyd was one of the first bands to play psychedelic music
    • The Grateful Dead
    • Jefferson Airplane
    • The Mommas and Poppas
    • Simon and Garfunkel
    • The Jimi Hendrix Experience (later, at Woodstock: Gypsy Sun and Rainbows)
  • Motown
    • Gladys Knight and the Pips
    • Diana Ross and the Supremes
    • The Temptations
    • James Brown
    • Smokey Robinson
    • The Four Tops
    • Martha and the Vandellas

• Fashion (http://www.kyrene.org/schools/brisas/sunda/decade/1960.htm)
  • During the 1960's, women started wearing mini skirts, leather boots and fake eyelashes. Men wore Paisley shirts, velvet trousers and high collared Regency jackets wore their hair long.
    • 1960-1962 - At this time, there was a carry over from the 50's, including the "bouffant" look. A "bouffant" look is a dress where the top part is tight and the skirt of the dress puffs out. The popular hairstyle was a beehive, where they tease their hair and piled it high on their head. Another look during this time was the beatnik. The beat look included black berets, black slacks (tight for women) and dark glasses. Women wore float shoes while men wore sandals. Women wore dark eye makeup.
    • 1963 - Cardin designed the Beatles suits which became popular for men. The suit had a single breasted collarless jacket and slim pants. Mary Quant started her own label, and is responsible for designing mini skirts, colored tights, and wet look vinyl fashions.
    • 1964 - Space age clothing starts to become popular. Different materials were used such as discs of metal or plastic linked together with wire. Leather is also used. Metallic or neon colors were involved.
    • 1965 - Mini skirts become much shorter. Op art becomes more popular. Optic trick using contrasting colors with black and white to make a sort of optical illusion.
    • 1966 - Psychedelic clothing is now a hit. Colors (acid colors) are brighter and bolder.
    • 1967 - Ethnic fashions begins to spread. The ethnic look is clothing picked up from other cultures. The Oriental look and the African/Middle Eastern looks were both port of the ethnic fashion.
    • 1968-1969 - Skirts begin to lengthen out, along with hair. The "Hippie look" is now popular. The women wore long floor length dresses and skirts called maxies. Men continued to grow their hair longer. Hippies decorated everything, including painting their bodies.
• Techonology
  • The Space Race- U.S. and Soviets race to the moon
    • 1960- NASA sent up ECHO, the first communications satellite to be seen with the naked eye.
    • 1961- Soviets Launch First Man in Space
    • 1962- John Glenn became the first man to orbit the earth - 3 times.
    • 1967- Three U.S. Astronauts Killed During Simulated Launch
    • 1969 - Neil Armstrong walks on the moon, Earth's only natural satellite
  • First artificial heart created
  • Surgeon General declares smoking is a health hazard
• Fads
  • Black Light
  • Troll Dolls
  • Hasbro Launches GI Joe Action Figure
  • Ouija Boards
  • Go-Go Boots
  • Tie-Dye T-shirts
  • Bellbottoms
  • Star Trek
• Famous People
  • 1962- Marilyn Monroe Found Dead
  • 1964- Cassius Clay (a.k.a. Muhammad Ali) Becomes World Heavyweight Champion
  • 1965- Malcolm X Assassinated
  • 1966- Walt Disney, the creator of Mickey Mouse and of animated films, died of cancer
  • 1968- Martin Luther King Jr. Assassinated
  • 1968- Shirley Chisholm was elected America's first black woman to Congress.
  • 1968- Robert F. Kennedy Assassinated
• Media
  • first televised presidential debate, Nixon shown as weaker (sweating and nervous) than Kennedy=> Kennedy wins
  • 
  • 1968- Tet Offensive, largely reported by media. showed America the truth, Americans lost confidence in Vietnam.

PRESIDENTS:
John F. Kennedy (1961-1963)

• Domestic program- The "New Frontier" , promising to fight poverty and racism while expanding educational opportunity and benefits for elderly.
• 1961-
• John F Kennedy moves into the White House. He gives his famous speech - "Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country."
• 1963- JFK Assassinated

Lyndon B. Johnson (1963-1968)

• Social agenda, "Great Society"
  • Civil Rights Act of 1964
  • Voting Rights Act
• When he came into office, he had an opening that would have allowed his to retract troops from Vietnam without any embarrassment. The U.N. would have set up a coalition government to run South Vietnam, instead Johnson bombed the neighboring country of Laos who were helping supply with Vietcong with weapons.
• Within a few months, there was an unconfirmed report that the North Vietnamese had fired on two American destroyers, giving Johnson a reason to justify the American presence there. This conflict led to the Tonkin Gulf Resolution, which allowed the president to take any measure he deemed necessary to protect American interests in that area. However, this was the closest the United States ever came to officially declaring war on Vietnam.
• Johnson continued to believe the war was the right course of action until the North Vietnamese launched the Tet Offensive, where the North Vietnamese nearly captured the American embassy in Siagon, South Vietnam. After this event, Johnson announced that he would begin peace negotiations and soon after announced that he would not run in the next election.

Richard Nixon (1968--)

• The newly elected Nixon, who promised the nation an end to Vietnam, withdrew many troops. However, he increased the amount and intensity of air strikes. He believed that the U.S. could, and must, win Vietnam. President Nixon ordered bombings in Cambodia hoping to end the supply lines for the North Vietnamese and Vietcong.
• As a result of Vietnam, the Second Congress passed the War Power Resolution later that year that requires a president must get congressional approval for any troop commitment lasting longer than sixty days.

Links
http://www.kyrene.org/schools/brisas/sunda/decade/1960.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yippie
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960s

created by: Kelly and Andrew, last updated 5/6/07